A Biography of Elihu Benjamin Washburne Congressman, Secretary of State, Envoy Extraordinary

About the Book

“About all I know of Grant I have got from you,” wrote Abraham Lincoln to Congressman Elihu Washburne in 1864.   “I have never seen him.  Who else besides you knows anything about Grant?”

Elihu Benjamin Washburne was not only the link between President Abraham Lincoln and Union General Ulysses S. Grant, but Washburne himself played a major role in both their lives as they rose to power and throughout their presidencies.  An Illinois Whig from Galena, Washburne was active in the anti-slavery movement and became a Republican as soon as that party was organized.  In fact, some sources even credit his brother, then Congressman Israel Washburn,  with coining the name Republican for the new Northern anti-slavery party.   Elihu Washburne was an early supporter of Lincoln who advised the future President during the Lincoln-Douglas Senatorial Debates in 1858 and was given the honor of writing Lincoln’s campaign biography for the 1860 Presidential race.  Washburne served eight successive terms (1853 to 1869) and was elected to a ninth in the House of Representatives, where he earned the titles “Father of the House” and “Watchdog of the Treasury.”  During the Civil War, Washburne was an eyewitness to several battles including the First Battle of Bull Run, Vicksburg, the Wilderness Campaign, Spotsylvania Courthouse, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg.  During the Second Battle of Bull Run, Congressman Washburne was with President Lincoln on the roof of the White House, where they could hear the action.  Washburne was there when Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s army surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in April, 1865. Shortly thereafter, he served as a pallbearer at Lincoln’s funeral.  

After the Civil War, Washburne was a member of the joint Committee on Reconstruction and chairman of the Committee of the Whole in the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson in 1868.   In 1869, President Grant honored his old friend by nominating him Secretary of State and then Ambassador to France. Washburne presented his letters of credence to Napoleon III in May, 1869, and was present the next year for the Franco-German War.  During that war, Ambassador Washburne distinguished himself as one of the only foreign diplomats to remain in Paris during the German siege of that city and later the Paris Commune.  At the start of that war, Washburne took under his protection some 30,000 German residents in Paris who were citizens from the North German Confederation, Saxony, Darmstadt, and Hesse Grand Duchy after the German Ambassadors were expelled from France.  “He was practically the German Minister in France for eleven months, and was in constant official correspondence with the Prince de Bismarck.”

In 1880, Washburne was a candidate for the Republican nomination for President receiving over forty delegate votes in a losing cause to General James Garfield who later became President. At that same Republican convention, Washburne came in second place in the balloting for Vice President. In the contest for the number two spot, Elihu Washburne lost to Chester Arthur, who replaced Garfield as President after that Chief Executive was assassinated in 1881.

Comments on book:

“Your research on Elihu Washburne and the rise of Abraham Lincoln is a significant study. As the country approaches the bicentennial of Abraham Lincoln’s birth (2009), the Lincoln historical community is searching for original research that better illuminates the life and times of America’s 16th president. Most scholars now believe that the authentic Lincoln is best viewed through interactions with his contemporaries. Few people in Lincoln’s life were more instrumental than Elihu Washburne in assisting Abraham Lincoln in his rise to power. Now you have captured that story, and have done it in a readable, penetrating way. Congratulations on a superior accomplishment.”Joseph E. Garrera, President,The Lincoln Group of New York.

"Thank you for sending a copy of your study of Elihu B

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